How do heat pumps work? They use electricity to move heat from the environment into a building. A suitable system can deliver more heat energy than the electrical energy used to operate it.
What happens inside a heat pump?
A refrigerant circuit absorbs heat at a lower temperature, raises its temperature through compression and transfers heat into the heating system. The refrigerant passes through an expansion stage and the cycle continues.
An air-to-water heat pump supplies a water-based heating system. An air-to-air system supplies heated air through indoor units. Ground-source arrangements collect heat through a ground circuit.
What do COP and seasonal performance mean?
Coefficient of performance, or COP, compares heat delivered with electrical input under stated conditions. A COP of 3 means three units of heat for each unit of electricity at that operating point. Seasonal performance describes operation over a longer period and is more relevant to annual estimates.
Why does flow temperature matter?
A lower required heating-water temperature can help efficiency. The system still needs to deliver enough heat to each room. Heat-loss calculations, radiator or underfloor-heating capacity and controls must be designed together.
Will a heat pump cost less to run?
That depends on the fuel being replaced, tariffs and seasonal performance. Compare energy cost per unit of delivered heat, plus standing charges and maintenance where relevant. Efficiency alone does not guarantee a lower bill.
Read our heat pump value guide and independent Home Energy Scotland advice.
What assessment does a home need?
Review room heat loss, hot-water demand, emitters, outdoor-unit location, electrical supply and applicable permissions. Our Edinburgh heat pump installation service covers design assessment. Existing owners can arrange heat pump servicing.
Contact Renew-Able Solutions to discuss your property in Edinburgh, East Lothian or our wider service area.
Reviewed 27 September 2026.
